Izikhathi zokukhokha zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Photovoltaic Projects

2025-08-05

ⅰ. Siyini isikhathi sokubuyisela? Kungani ibalulekile?

Isikhathi sokubuyisela sisho isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze iphrojekthi ye-photovoltaic ibuyise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo kokuqala ngokusebenzisa imali enqwabelene evela ekongeni amandla, ukuthengiswa kukagesi, noma uxhaso. Ifomula ngokuvamile ithi:

Isikhathi Sokukhokha = Izindleko Zokuqala Zokutshala ÷ Isilinganiso Sonyaka Sokugeleza Kwemali Sensalela (Ukonga Amandla + Ukuthengisa Ugesi + Izibonelelo – Izindleko Zokusebenza)

Le metric ikala isivinini sokubuyiswa kotshalomali; lapho inkokhelo ishesha khona, ingozi iyancipha, futhi ithandeka kakhulu emalini.

 

Ⅱ. Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zemiklamo Ye-Photovoltaic kanye Nezikhathi Zazo Zokukhokha Ezijwayelekile

  1. Indawo yokuhlala ye-Rooftop PV

Ezindaweni zokuhlala e-United States, Europe, Middle East, njll.: Isikhathi sokukhokha esimaphakathi iminyaka engu-6–10. Ezindaweni ezinamanani aphezulu kagesi, ukukhuphuka kwentengo kagesi ngokushesha, noma izinxephezelo zentela/zomxhaso, isikhathi sokukhokha singaba sifushane.

E-China: Imbuyiselo yonyaka yokutshalwa kwezimali icishe ibe ngu-8–10%, nesikhathi sokukhokha esijwayelekile seminyaka engu-6–8.

  1. I-Commercial and Industrial Rooftop PV  

Emhlabeni jikelele, kubasebenzisi bebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamazinga aphezulu kagesi noma amanani entengo, amaphrojekthi wezohwebo angathola imbuyiselo yonyaka ka-10-15%, ngezikhathi zokukhokha ezijwayelekile cishe iminyaka emi-5.

Ezifundeni ezifana ne-California, amaphrojekthi ebhizinisi ngokuvamile azuza imbuyiselo eminyakeni engu-3-5, kuyilapho izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo zingathatha isikhathi eside eminyakeni emi-4-7.

  1. I-Utility-scale PV Farms

Emhlabeni jikelele, amaphrojekthi esikali esijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emazweni anothile ngezinsiza (i-China, i-India, i-United States, i-Middle East, i-Afrika, njll.), azuza imbuyiselo yonyaka ka-6-10%, nesikhathi sokukhokha esijwayelekile seminyaka eyi-6-10.

Ezifundeni ezinemithombo yelanga empofu kanye noxhaso oluncishisiwe, njenge-United Kingdom, amaphrojekthi esikali sosizo angase abe nezikhathi zokukhokha ezinwetshiwe zeminyaka eyi-10–12.

  1. I-Solar yomphakathi

Amaphrojekthi elanga abelwe umphakathi avumela amaqembu amaningi ukuthi atshale futhi abelane ngenzuzo, ngezikhathi zokukhokha zihluka kakhulu, ngokuvamile kusukela eminyakeni engu-6-20. Amanani kagesi wendawo, uxhaso, nezivumelwano zokubamba iqhaza konke kunomthelela kulesi sikhathi.

  1. I-Agrivoltaics

Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa ezolimo namandla elanga, okwenza abalimi bazuze kukho kokubili ukutshalwa kwezitshalo kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi. Isikhathi sokukhokha ngokuvamile siba sifushane, ngokuvamile iminyaka emi-4-8, kanti ezinye izimo zishesha nakakhulu.

  1. I-PV entantayo

Amasistimu e-PV afakwe ezindaweni zamanzi azuza emiphumeleni yokupholisa kanye nezindleko eziphansi zomhlaba, okuholela enkathini yokubuyisela amandla cishe iminyaka engu-1.3 (kusuka kumbono wokutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla, hhayi owemali). Isikhathi sembuyiselo yezomnotho sangempela sisukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwemi-5.

 

Ⅲ. Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezithinta Isikhathi Sokukhokha

  1. Izimo Zezwe kanye Nelanga

Izifunda ezinemithombo yelanga eningi (efana neMpumalanga Ephakathi, iNingizimu Asia, i-Afrika, ne-Southern Europe) zinezinga eliphezulu lokuphehlwa kukagesi ngonyaka, okuholela ezikhathini zokukhokha ezimfushane. I-Northern Europe inezikhathi zokukhokha ezinde.

  1. Amanani kagesi kanye nezinqubomgomo zoxhaso  

Izifunda ezinamanani aphezulu kagesi kanye noxhaso oluningi (njengamanani okuphakelana namakhredithi entela) zithola ukubuyisela ngokushesha; emazweni anezibonelelo ezincishisiwe namanani entengo kagesi aphansi, ukukhokha kuhamba kancane.

  1. Isikali Sesistimu Nohlobo Lwephrojekthi  

Izinhlelo ezincane ezisabalalisiwe zinikeza izinzuzo eziguquguqukayo nezisheshayo; nokho, amaphrojekthi amakhulu aphakathi nendawo, naphezu kwezindleko eziphelele, anezindleko eziphansi nge-kilowatt-hora kanye nemithombo yemali engenayo ezinzile, okwenza ukuthi isikhathi sonke sokukhokha silawulwe phakathi neminyaka engu-6-10.

  1. Ukuthi ifakwe izinhlelo zokugcina amandla (photovoltaic-storage)  

Amasistimu we-Photovoltaic-storage akhuphula izinga lokuzithengela kodwa akhuphule izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali. Isibonelo, ezimweni zokuhlala zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic-storage, isikhathi sokukhokha cishe iminyaka engu-6; izici ezifana nezindleko zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlaka zenani likagesi wendawo nazo zinomthelela kulo mjikelezo.

  1. Izindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwesistimu  

Njengoba izingxenye zephaneli ubudala kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokunakekelwa zikhuphuka, ukuhamba kwemali kwangempela kungaphansi kancane kunamamodeli etiyetha. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ugcine umkhawulo wokwehla we-10-15%.

 

Ⅳ. Ithebula lokuqhathanisa lezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ngokombono womhlaba

Uhlobo Lephrojekthi Isivuno sonyaka (kulinganiselwe) Isikhathi sokukhokha esijwayelekile (iminyaka) Izibonelo zezilungiselelo zesifunda
I-PV Esatshalaliswa Yezindawo Zokuhlala ~8–10% 6–8 / 6–10 I-China, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-Middle East, njll.
I-PV Esabalalisiwe Yezohwebo/Yezimboni ~10–15% ~5 Uphahla lwezinkampani, izitolo ezinkulu, izibhedlela, njll.
I-Utility-Scale Ground-Mounted PV ~6–10% 6–10 / 10–12 I-China, i-India, i-United Kingdom, i-Afrika, i-United States, njll.
I-PV yomphakathi eliguqukayo 6-20 INyakatho Melika, iYurophu, amazwe asathuthuka, njll.
I-Agrivoltaic Imali engenayo yezolimo kanye nokuphehla ugesi kanyekanye 4-8 I-China, i-Japan, i-Europe, njll. Amaphrojekthi okuhlanganiswa kwe-solar yezolimo
I-PV entantayo Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukonga umhlaba, ukonga isikhala Inkokhelo yamandla ~ 1.3 iminyaka; inkokhelo yezomnotho cishe. 3–5 Amazwe anechibi eliningi, ichibi, nemithombo yamanzi