Amagridi Ahlakaniphile Asebenzisa I-Solar: Ikusasa Lokusabalalisa Amandla Okuphumelelayo Nokuthembekile

Iyini i-solar smart Grid?
I-Solar Smart grid iwuhlelo lwamandla oluthuthukisiwe oluhlanganisa amandla elanga nobuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka kanye nokusimama kokusatshalaliswa kwamandla. Nakuba amagridi kagesi endabuko ethembele ngokuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokugeleza kwamandla ngendlela eyodwa, amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga asekela ukuxhumana okubili, okuvumela amandla elanga ukuthi ageleze abuyele kugridi kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo eqapha ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinhlelo zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile. Le grid ehlakaniphile yelanga ehlanganisiwe ayinciphisi nje kuphela ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwegridi.

Amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga asebenzisa amamitha ahlakaniphile, izinzwa namanethiwekhi okuxhumana athuthukile ukuze aqaphe ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuvumela igridi ukuthi ilungise ukuhamba nokusatshalaliswa kukagesi ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngalobu buchwepheshe obukhaliphile, igridi ehlakaniphile yelanga ingakwazi ukulinganisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nesidingo, inciphise ukumosheka kwamandla, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ugesi ungahlinzekwa ngempumelelo ngezikhathi ezihlukene kanye nezimo zezulu ezihlukene.

Umehluko phakathi kwegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga kanye negridi yelanga yendabuko

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagridi ahlakaniphile elanga kanye namagridi elanga endabuko izinga lawo lokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuguquguquka ekulawuleni amandla. Igridi yelanga yendabuko ikhiqizwa kuphela ngamapaneli elanga, futhi ugesi ufakwa ngokuqondile kugridi, futhi le ndlela ngokuvamile ayinakho ikhono lokulawula. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwelanga kudlula isidingo, ugesi ungamoshwa; Futhi lapho isidingo sisikhulu kunokukhiqiza, igridi ingase ithembele kumalahle noma izitshalo zegesi yemvelo ukuze zingezelele.

I-solar smart grid ithuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obuthuthukisiwe. Isibonelo, amagridi ahlakaniphile angalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhamba kukagesi ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela, agcine amandla engeziwe uma ilanga liqinile, noma akhiphe kabusha amandla avela kumasistimu okulondoloza noma eminye imithombo evuselelekayo lapho ikhava yamafu inciphisa ukukhiqiza. Ukulawulwa okunjalo okuhlakaniphile akugcini nje ukunciphisa imfucuza, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okuzinzile ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Amagridi ahlakaniphile angaqapha ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela, abikezele isidingo esikhulu, futhi alinganise ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesidingo ngokulungiselela ukuhlela. Isistimu futhi ingagcina ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla engeziwe, iqinisekise ukuthi isidingo singahlangatshezwa ngezikhathi lapho ilanga lingashisi khona (njengasebusuku) noma ezimeni zezulu ezingazinzile.

Inzuzo yomsebenzi wokusabalalisa amandla wegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga

Enye yezinzuzo zegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga amandla ayo okusabalalisa amandla amahle kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kuyahamba kancane kanti nezimo zokukhanya kwelanga ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, okungase kuholele ekunikezeni kukagesi okungazinzile. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, amagridi ahlakaniphile ayakwazi ukulungisa ukuhamba kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizeni kwelanga kanye nesidingo. Isibonelo, lapho ilanga libalele, amagridi ahlakaniphile angagcina amandla engeziwe kumabhethri ukuze asetshenziswe ebusuku noma lapho isimo sezulu sisibi.

Amagridi ahlakaniphile awakwazi nje ukulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuhamba kwamandla, kodwa futhi aqinisekise ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla ngokuhlanganisa amadivayisi okugcina amandla. Imishini yokugcina amandla (njengamabhethri) ingagcina ugesi oweqile phakathi nosuku futhi iwusebenzise ngezikhathi lapho amandla elanga engaphehliwe (njengasebusuku), ukugwema ukushoda kwamandla okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-solar smart grids angahlanganiswa nama-microgrid elanga. Ama-Microgrid amancane, amasistimu wamandla asendaweni angasebenza ngokuzimele ngaphandle kwegridi eyinhloko futhi afaneleka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezikude noma izindawo ezinengqalasizinda yegridi ebuthaka. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-microgrid elanga namagridi ahlakaniphile, ukunikezwa kukagesi kungaba okuthembekile futhi okuguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezikude, ama-microgrid elanga anganikeza amandla emiphakathini ngaphandle kokuthembela kugridi eyinhloko, okwenza lezi zindawo zingabe zisakhawulelwa ukumbozwa nengqalasizinda yamagridi kagesi wendabuko.

Yiziphi izinguquko zomphakathi ezizolethwa ukuthandwa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile elanga esikhathini esizayo?

Ngokusakazwa kwegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga, umphakathi uzobhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu. Okokuqala, ama-solar smart grids azokwehlisa kakhulu ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuhamba kancane. Ngokuvumela ukusatshalaliswa kahle kwamandla, amagridi ahlakaniphile azokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omhlaba kuqhubeke isikhathi eside. Kumsebenzisi ngamunye, ukuguquguquka nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe okunikezwa igridi ehlakaniphile kuzonciphisa izindleko zikagesi futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza ngempumelelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi bazokwazi ukufinyelela kudatha yesikhathi sangempela sokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngamamitha ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokusebenza, okubenza bakwazi ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukagesi ngokwesayensi. Abathengi bangasebenzisa idatha ukuze baqonde imikhuba yokusebenzisa ugesi emakhaya abo noma amabhizinisi futhi benze izinguquko ngokufanele. Isibonelo, ngezikhathi zokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga aphezulu, abathengi bangalungisa isikhathi sokusebenzisa izinto zikagesi, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukuthembela kugesi wegridi evamile kanye nokunciphisa izikweletu zamandla. Ngale datha yesikhathi sangempela, abathengi abakwazi ukugcina imali kuphela, kodwa futhi basize ukunciphisa umthwalo kugridi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga azokwenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukuzenzela ugesi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude ezingasancikile kwingqalasizinda yegridi yendabuko ebizayo nentekenteke, futhi ingakwazi ukufinyelela ugesi ozinzile. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-microgrid elanga namagridi ahlakaniphile, imiphakathi yesikhathi esizayo izokwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela futhi ilawule izidingo zayo zamandla, hhayi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwamandla, kodwa futhi inikeze umthombo onokwethenjelwa kagesi ezindaweni ezingenawo amandla.

Ingabe izinguquko emandleni elanga kanye nezinguquko endaweni ezungezile eMhlabeni kuzothinta ukuphuma kwelanga?

Nakuba amandla elanga engumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo, ahlanzekile, aphinde athintwe izinguquko zemvelo. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungcola kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinkathi zonyaka konke kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kwamandla elanga. Ikakhulukazi, izinsuku ezinamafu, inkungu, uthuli nezinye izici zemvelo zizovimba ilanga, zinciphise umthamo wokumunca wamaphaneli elanga, bese zithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga nakho kuthinteka indawo yendawo kanye ne-Angle yokukhanya kwelanga, ezifundeni ezahlukene nezinkathi ezahlukene zonyaka, ukukhishwa kwamandla elanga kungase kuhluke.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba amaphaneli elanga eba ngcono, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, le miphumela iya ngokuya ilawuleka. Isizukulwane esisha samaphaneli elanga, njengamaphaneli anezinhlangothi ezimbili (abamba ukukhanya kwelanga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi) kanye namaseli elanga e-perovskite (asebenza kahle kakhulu), enza amandla elanga asebenze kahle futhi avumelane nezimo. Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, njengamabhethri nama-supercapacitor, buvumela nemiphumela eguquguqukayo yamandla elanga ukuthi ilinganiswe. Ngale ntuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izinhlelo zamandla elanga ziyakwazi ukugcina amandla amaningi futhi zinikeze ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile ngezikhathi zokungabikho kokukhanya kwelanga noma isimo sezulu esibi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba izinguquko zesikhathi eside endaweni yoMhlaba, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, zingase zithinte ukukhiqizwa kwelanga kwezinye izifunda, umkhuba womhlaba wonke wokukhula kwamandla elanga usasimeme. Igridi ehlakaniphile yelanga iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingakwazi ukulungisa ngokuvumelana nezinguquko ekuphumeni kwamandla elanga, ngakho-ke isengakwazi ukunikeza amandla athembekile ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezimbi.

Kafushane, nakuba izici zemvelo zingase zibe nomthelela othile ekuphumeni kwelanga, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga ahlala eyisixazululo esiyinhloko sokuthola ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuthembekile, ahlanzekile, futhi esimeme.
Iyini i-solar smart Grid?
I-Solar Smart grid iwuhlelo lwamandla oluthuthukisiwe oluhlanganisa amandla elanga nobuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka kanye nokusimama kokusatshalaliswa kwamandla. Nakuba amagridi kagesi endabuko ethembele ngokuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokugeleza kwamandla ngendlela eyodwa, amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga asekela ukuxhumana okubili, okuvumela amandla elanga ukuthi ageleze abuyele kugridi kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo eqapha ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinhlelo zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile. Le grid ehlakaniphile yelanga ehlanganisiwe ayinciphisi nje kuphela ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwegridi.

Amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga asebenzisa amamitha ahlakaniphile, izinzwa namanethiwekhi okuxhumana athuthukile ukuze aqaphe ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuvumela igridi ukuthi ilungise ukuhamba nokusatshalaliswa kukagesi ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngalobu buchwepheshe obukhaliphile, igridi ehlakaniphile yelanga ingakwazi ukulinganisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nesidingo, inciphise ukumosheka kwamandla, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ugesi ungahlinzekwa ngempumelelo ngezikhathi ezihlukene kanye nezimo zezulu ezihlukene.

Umehluko phakathi kwegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga kanye negridi yelanga yendabuko

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagridi ahlakaniphile elanga kanye namagridi elanga endabuko izinga lawo lokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuguquguquka ekulawuleni amandla. Igridi yelanga yendabuko ikhiqizwa kuphela ngamapaneli elanga, futhi ugesi ufakwa ngokuqondile kugridi, futhi le ndlela ngokuvamile ayinakho ikhono lokulawula. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwelanga kudlula isidingo, ugesi ungamoshwa; Futhi lapho isidingo sisikhulu kunokukhiqiza, igridi ingase ithembele kumalahle noma izitshalo zegesi yemvelo ukuze zingezelele.

I-solar smart grid ithuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obuthuthukisiwe. Isibonelo, amagridi ahlakaniphile angalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhamba kukagesi ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela, agcine amandla engeziwe uma ilanga liqinile, noma akhiphe kabusha amandla avela kumasistimu okulondoloza noma eminye imithombo evuselelekayo lapho ikhava yamafu inciphisa ukukhiqiza. Ukulawulwa okunjalo okuhlakaniphile akugcini nje ukunciphisa imfucuza, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okuzinzile ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Amagridi ahlakaniphile angaqapha ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela, abikezele isidingo esikhulu, futhi alinganise ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesidingo ngokulungiselela ukuhlela. Isistimu futhi ingagcina ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla engeziwe, iqinisekise ukuthi isidingo singahlangatshezwa ngezikhathi lapho ilanga lingashisi khona (njengasebusuku) noma ezimeni zezulu ezingazinzile.

Inzuzo yomsebenzi wokusabalalisa amandla wegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga

Enye yezinzuzo zegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga amandla ayo okusabalalisa amandla amahle kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kuyahamba kancane kanti nezimo zokukhanya kwelanga ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, okungase kuholele ekunikezeni kukagesi okungazinzile. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, amagridi ahlakaniphile ayakwazi ukulungisa ukuhamba kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizeni kwelanga kanye nesidingo. Isibonelo, lapho ilanga libalele, amagridi ahlakaniphile angagcina amandla engeziwe kumabhethri ukuze asetshenziswe ebusuku noma lapho isimo sezulu sisibi.

Amagridi ahlakaniphile awakwazi nje ukulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuhamba kwamandla, kodwa futhi aqinisekise ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla ngokuhlanganisa amadivayisi okugcina amandla. Imishini yokugcina amandla (njengamabhethri) ingagcina ugesi oweqile phakathi nosuku futhi iwusebenzise ngezikhathi lapho amandla elanga engaphehliwe (njengasebusuku), ukugwema ukushoda kwamandla okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-solar smart grids angahlanganiswa nama-microgrid elanga. Ama-Microgrid amancane, amasistimu wamandla asendaweni angasebenza ngokuzimele ngaphandle kwegridi eyinhloko futhi afaneleka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezikude noma izindawo ezinengqalasizinda yegridi ebuthaka. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-microgrid elanga namagridi ahlakaniphile, ukunikezwa kukagesi kungaba okuthembekile futhi okuguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezikude, ama-microgrid elanga anganikeza amandla emiphakathini ngaphandle kokuthembela kugridi eyinhloko, okwenza lezi zindawo zingabe zisakhawulelwa ukumbozwa nengqalasizinda yamagridi kagesi wendabuko.

Yiziphi izinguquko zomphakathi ezizolethwa ukuthandwa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile elanga esikhathini esizayo?

Ngokusakazwa kwegridi ehlakaniphile yelanga, umphakathi uzobhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu. Okokuqala, ama-solar smart grids azokwehlisa kakhulu ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuhamba kancane. Ngokuvumela ukusatshalaliswa kahle kwamandla, amagridi ahlakaniphile azokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omhlaba kuqhubeke isikhathi eside. Kumsebenzisi ngamunye, ukuguquguquka nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe okunikezwa igridi ehlakaniphile kuzonciphisa izindleko zikagesi futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza ngempumelelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi bazokwazi ukufinyelela kudatha yesikhathi sangempela sokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngamamitha ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokusebenza, okubenza bakwazi ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukagesi ngokwesayensi. Abathengi bangasebenzisa idatha ukuze baqonde imikhuba yokusebenzisa ugesi emakhaya abo noma amabhizinisi futhi benze izinguquko ngokufanele. Isibonelo, ngezikhathi zokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga aphezulu, abathengi bangalungisa isikhathi sokusebenzisa izinto zikagesi, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukuthembela kugesi wegridi evamile kanye nokunciphisa izikweletu zamandla. Ngale datha yesikhathi sangempela, abathengi abakwazi ukugcina imali kuphela, kodwa futhi basize ukunciphisa umthwalo kugridi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga azokwenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukuzenzela ugesi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude ezingasancikile kwingqalasizinda yegridi yendabuko ebizayo nentekenteke, futhi ingakwazi ukufinyelela ugesi ozinzile. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-microgrid elanga namagridi ahlakaniphile, imiphakathi yesikhathi esizayo izokwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela futhi ilawule izidingo zayo zamandla, hhayi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwamandla, kodwa futhi inikeze umthombo onokwethenjelwa kagesi ezindaweni ezingenawo amandla.

Ingabe izinguquko emandleni elanga kanye nezinguquko endaweni ezungezile eMhlabeni kuzothinta ukuphuma kwelanga?

Nakuba amandla elanga engumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo, ahlanzekile, aphinde athintwe izinguquko zemvelo. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungcola kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinkathi zonyaka konke kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kwamandla elanga. Ikakhulukazi, izinsuku ezinamafu, inkungu, uthuli nezinye izici zemvelo zizovimba ilanga, zinciphise umthamo wokumunca wamaphaneli elanga, bese zithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga nakho kuthinteka indawo yendawo kanye ne-Angle yokukhanya kwelanga, ezifundeni ezahlukene nezinkathi ezahlukene zonyaka, ukukhishwa kwamandla elanga kungase kuhluke.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba amaphaneli elanga esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi nobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, le miphumela iya ngokuya ilawuleka. Isizukulwane esisha samaphaneli elanga, njengamaphaneli anezinhlangothi ezimbili (abamba ukukhanya kwelanga ezinhlangothini zombili) namaseli elanga e-perovskite (asebenza kahle kakhulu), enza amandla elanga asebenze kahle futhi avumelane nezimo. Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, obufana namabhethri nama-supercapacitor, buphinde buvumele imiphumela eguquguqukayo yamandla elanga ukuba ilinganisele. Ngale ntuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, amasistimu kagesi welanga ayakwazi ukugcina amandla engeziwe futhi anikeze ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuzinzile ngezikhathi lapho kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga noma isimo sezulu esibi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba izinguquko zesikhathi eside endaweni yoMhlaba, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, zingase zithinte ukukhiqizwa kwelanga kwezinye izifunda, umkhuba womhlaba wonke wokukhula kwamandla elanga usasimeme. Igridi ehlakaniphile yelanga iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingakwazi ukulungisa ngokuvumelana nezinguquko ekuphumeni kwamandla elanga, ngakho-ke isengakwazi ukunikeza amandla athembekile ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezimbi.

Kafushane, nakuba izici zemvelo zingase zibe nomthelela othile ekuphumeni kwelanga, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, amagridi ahlakaniphile elanga ahlala eyisixazululo esiyinhloko sokuthola ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuthembekile, ahlanzekile, futhi esimeme.