Ingabe Isitoreji Samandla Se-PV Esisabalalisiwe Sixhumene Negridi?

Njengamanje, emhlabeni wamandla wesimanje, amasistimu okugcina amandla e-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe athatha indawo emaphakathi. Kepha, iningi labo liyazibuza ukuthi ngabe isitoreji samandla e-PV esatshalalisiwe kufanele sixhunywe kugridi. Hhayi-ke, ake sibheke phambili embuzweni, futhi siqonde izindlela ezahlukahlukene zamasistimu kagesi we-PV asabalalisiwe kanye namaphoyinti okuklama kagesi ahlobene.

Okokuqala, uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi lwe-PV olusabalalisiwe lungaba ngaphandle kwegridi.
Amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic asabalalisiwe awaxhunyiwe kugridi; zingaphinde zibe off-grid. Amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwegridi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kungenakwenzeka khona noma kunzima ukuxhuma kugridi yamandla, noma lapho igridi yamandla ingazinzile. Amasistimu anjalo ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amaphaneli elanga, amabhethri, izilawuli, nama-inverter. Amaphaneli elanga aguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi, ibhethri lishajwa ngesilawuli, futhi lapho ugesi udingeka, ugesi osebhethrini uguqulelwa ku-AC ngokusebenzisa inverter ukuze isetshenziswe umthwalo.
Inzuzo yesistimu ye-off-grid ukuzimela kwayo nokuthembeka. Kwezinye izindawo eziqhelile, njengezifunda neziqhingi ezinezintaba, amasistimu okukhiqiza ugesi we-PV ngaphandle kwegridi anganikeza izakhamuzi zendawo ugesi ozinzile ngaphandle kokuthintwa ukwehluleka kwegridi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwezinye izikhathi ezikhethekile, ezifana nokusebenza kwenkundla, ukutakula izimo eziphuthumayo, njll., isistimu ye-off-grid nayo ingasetshenziswa.
Amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi anenani lokungalungi, futhi. Okokuqala, izindleko zezinhlelo ezinjalo ziphakeme kakhulu ngoba umuntu udinga ukuhlomisa amabhethri okugcina. Okwesibili, amabhethri anokuphila kwesevisi okulinganiselwe futhi kufanele ashintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile, okwandisa izindleko zokulungisa. Ukwengeza, amandla amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi ngokuvamile mancane futhi awakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu sikagesi.
Ngokuphambene, uhlelo lwe-PV olusabalalisiwe oluxhunywe kugridi luxhuma ugesi owenziwe kusuka kumaphaneli elanga ukuya kugridi ngemva kokuwuguqulela ku-AC nge-inverter. Phakathi nale nqubo, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kungaphezu kokusetshenziswa kukagesi, ugesi osele ungathunyelwa kugridi, kuyilapho amandla elanga akhiqizwayo enganele kubasebenzisi, bangawuthola kugridi.
Inzuzo yesistimu exhunywe kugridi ukuthi ingasebenzisa ngokugcwele ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwegridi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ingathengisa amandla angaphezu kwamandla kugridi ukuze uthole ukubuyiselwa okuthile komnotho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isistimu exhunywe kugridi ilula futhi ayibizi ukufakwa nokunakekelwa.
Kodwa-ke, isistimu exhunywe kugridi nayo inezinkinga ezithile: isibonelo, kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokufinyelela igridi ngokuya nge-voltage, imvamisa, isici samandla, nokunye. Ukwenezela kulokhu, isizukulwane sawo siyothonywa izimo zezulu, njengemvula noma iqhwa, futhi kukhona ukuntengantenga okuthile esizukulwaneni saso. Okwesibili, umklamo kagesi kufanele uhlanganise nani?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-off-grid noma i-grid-connected distributed power electronic system ye-photovoltaic, idizayini yayo kagesi idinga ukucabangela izici ezilandelayo: ukukhethwa nokuhlelwa kwephaneli yelanga. Iphaneli yelanga iyingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe, futhi ukukhethwa kwayo nesakhiwo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa kwamandla nokusebenza kwesistimu. Lapho ukhetha iphaneli yelanga, izici ezifana namandla, ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka, nesikhathi sokuphila kudingeka kucatshangelwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngokubheka isimo sokukhanya kwendawo yokufaka, indawo yophahla, umumo, nezinye izici, kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza isakhiwo esinengqondo ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga.
Ngohlelo lwe-off-grid, kunesidingo futhi sokucabangela izimo ezifanayo phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga namabhethri ukushaja ngokugcwele amabhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokukhanya.
Ukukhetha ibhethri nokubalwa komthamo
Ibhethri liyingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuphehla ugesi lwe-PV olusatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwegridi, umsebenzi walo ukugcina ugesi okhiqizwe yiphaneli yelanga ukuze usetshenziswe ebusuku noma ngezinsuku eziguqubele nezinemvula. Ekukhetheni uhlobo, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nohlobo, umthamo, impilo, ukushaja nokukhipha ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri.
Kuzinhlelo ezixhunywe kugridi, nakuba ukuhlonyiswa kwamabhethri okugcina kungadingekile, kodwa kwezinye izimo, njengokwehluleka kwegridi, kungase futhi kucabangele ukuhlomisa umthamo othile wamabhethri okulondoloza njengomthombo wamandla oyisipele. Khona-ke umthamo webhethri kufanele ubalwe ngekhono lawo lokwanelisa izidingo zabasebenzisi ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo. Ukukhethwa kwesilawuli ne-inverter
Isilawuli singenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza amandla we-photovoltaic esatshalaliswa; ilawula ukuphuma kwephaneli yelanga ukuze ivimbele ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile noma ekuchitheni ngokweqile. Lapho ukhetha isilawuli, umsebenzi wesilawuli, ukusebenza, ukwethembeka, nezinye izici kufanele kucatshangelwe.
I-inverter iyisisetshenziswa esiguqula amandla e-DC akhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga abe amandla e-AC, futhi ukukhetha kwawo kudinga ukucabangela izici ezifana namandla e-inverter, ukusebenza kahle, i-waveform okukhiphayo, nokuthembeka. Kuzinhlelo ze-off-grid, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela ukuthi i-voltage yokuphuma kanye nemvamisa ye-inverter ihambisana nomthwalo.

Izintambo zikagesi nezisetshenziswa zokuvikela
Izintambo zikagesi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuphehla amandla e-PV esabalalisiwe, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kucabangele izici ezinjengokuphepha, ukwethembeka, kanye nobuhle bohlelo. Ku-wiring, kufanele kuqashelwe ukunamathela kumakhodi namazinga kagesi afanele ukuze izidingo ezindaweni ezinqamula izintambo, ukusebenza kwe-insulation, phakathi kokunye, zaneliseke.
Idivayisi yokuvikela iyisiqinisekiso sokuphepha esibalulekile ohlelweni lokuphehla ugesi olusabalalisiwe lwe-PV. Uma uhlelo luhluleka, luzonqamula ugesi ngesikhathi ukuze kuvinjwe ukwanda kwengozi. Amadivayisi okuvikela ahlanganisa ama-circuit breakers, ama-fuse, izivikeli zokuvuza, njll., okufanele amiswe ngokufanele ngokuya ngomthamo kanye nezidingo zohlelo ngesikhathi sokukhethwa nokufakwa. Umklamo wesistimu yokuqapha
Uhlelo lokuqapha luyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-PV esabalalisiwe, engakwazi ukuqapha isimo sokusebenza kwesistimu ngesikhathi sangempela, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamapaneli elanga, amandla ebhethri, amandla okukhipha we-inverter, njalonjalo. Ngohlelo lokuqapha, abasebenzisi bangaqonda ukusebenza kwesistimu ngesikhathi, bathole izinkinga, futhi babhekane nazo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Idinga ukucabangela isikali nesidingo sohlelo, ikhethe amathuluzi okuqapha afanelekile kanye nesofthiwe, futhi yenze ukufakwa nokugunyazwa okufanele. Okwesithathu, isifinyezo Isitoreji samandla e-PV esabalalisiwe asixhunyiwe kugridi, kodwa futhi singaba ngaphandle kwegridi. Amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi asebenza kulezo zindawo ezingakwazi ukuxhunywa kugridi noma lapho igridi ingazinzile, ngezinzuzo zokuzimela nokwethembeka, kodwa izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu. Isistimu exhunywe kugridi ingasebenzisa konke ukuzinza nokuthembeka okuvela kugridi kuyilapho ithengisa amandla asalayo kugridi ukuze kuzuze umnotho.

Ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa komklamo kagesi ohlelweni lokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic esatshalaliswa, lokhu okulandelayo kuzocatshangelwa: ukukhethwa nokubekwa ngaphandle kwephaneli yelanga, ukukhethwa nokubalwa komthamo webhethri, ukukhethwa kwesilawuli kanye ne-inverter, izintambo zikagesi kanye nomklamo wedivayisi yokuvikela, ukuklama uhlelo lokuqapha, phakathi kwezinye izici. Idizayini kagesi enengqondo kuphela ekwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-PV asabalalisiwe asebenza ngokuphepha, ngokwethembeka, nangekhono eliphezulu.
Kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, esikhathini esizayo, izindima ezibaluleke kakhulu zizodlalwa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa. Amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic asabalalisiwe azosihlinzeka ngegridi noma ngaphandle kwegridi ngomthombo wamandla ohlanzekile nothembekile.