Anzima kangakanani amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo?

Eqhutshwa umgomo "we-carbon dual", amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo avelele phakathi kwamaphrojekthi amaningi okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic futhi abe yindawo ebalulekile yokukhula emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo. Amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo abonakala ngezinga elikhulu nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Kodwa ngenxa yezinga elikhulu ukuthi inqubo yokuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo ihilela izixhumanisi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokukhethwa kwesayithi, ukuthengwa kwemishini, ukufakwa, ukuthunywa nezinye izixhumanisi, futhi kunezinselele zobuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo kanye nezemvelo.

1. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo

Uphenyo lokuqala kanye nokukhetha indawo

Isinyathelo sokuqala sephrojekthi ye-photovoltaic ephakathi nendawo ukukhetha indawo. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola izimo zokukhanya, indawo ezungezile, izakhiwo zomhlaba kanye nebanga lokufinyelela igridi lesayithi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuthwebula izithombe zasemoyeni ngama-drone kanye nokuhlola komhlaba.

Isibonelo, isiteshi samandla e-photovoltaic esingu-500MW entshonalanga yeSichuan sitholakala ethafeni elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-4,000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ayidingi nje kuphela ukubhekana nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi idinga ukuxhumanisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamadlelo abelusi kanye nokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi. Ekugcineni, ngokuphakamisa ubakaki ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-1.8, ukuhlalisana okuvumelanayo kwe "photovoltaic + yezilwane zofuyo" kufinyelelwa.

Ukutholwa komhlaba kanye nokuphathwa kwemithetho

Amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo ahilela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngezinga elikhulu, ngakho-ke ukutholwa komhlaba kanye nezinqubo zokugunyazwa ezahlukahlukene zokuphatha kuyadingeka. Lolu hlelo alubandakanyi nje kuphela ukuxoxisana nokuthathwa kwabanikazi bomhlaba, kodwa futhi ludinga ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho nemithethonqubo efanele kanye nokuphothulwa kwezinqubo ezisemthethweni zokusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Ukutholwa komhlaba kanye nokunxeshezelwa: Abathuthukisi kudingeka bafinyelele isivumelwano nabanikazi bomhlaba ukuze bahlele ngokunengqondo izindaba zesinxephezelo kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba ukuze baqinisekise ukutholwa kwezinsiza zomhlaba ngendlela efanele.

Ukugunyazwa kokuphatha: Onjiniyela badinga ukuhambisa imibiko yokugunyaza iphrojekthi, imibiko yokuhlola umthelela kwemvelo, njll. kuhulumeni wasekhaya ukuze bathole izimvume nezimvume zokwakha ezidingekayo. Lesi sixhumanisi sivamise ukuthintwa izinqubo zokugunyaza zikahulumeni kanye nezinguquko zenqubomgomo, ezingase zibangele ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi esithile.

Ukuqaliswa kokwakhiwa kanye nokuphathwa kobunjiniyela

Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi, ukufakwa kwemishini kanye nokugunyazwa kokuxhumeka kwegridi kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngesikhathi sesigaba sokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe njengokukhethwa kwemishini (njengamaphaneli e-photovoltaic angasindi) kanye nomklamo wabakaki (ukumelana komoya nokuzamazama komhlaba) kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwephrojekthi.

Ukuxhumeka kwegridi nokusebenza nokugcinwa

Umthamo wokumuncwa kwegridi uwumgoqo oyinhloko woxhumano lwegridi. Umthamo wegridi onganele kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo kuholela ebunzimeni bokumuncwa, futhi ezinye izindawo zifakwe ohlwini “njengezindawo ezibomvu zokuxwayisa.” Ukusekela izindawo zokugcina amandla ukuze bushelelezi ijika lokuphumayo; ukuxhumanisa ukuhlela nezinkampani zamagridi kagesi kusenesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kokufinyelela; kanye nokubeka amaphrojekthi adidiyelwe “omthombo, igridi, umthwalo kanye nesitoreji” kubaluleke kakhulu.

2. Ubunzima ekuthuthukiseni amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo

Ubunzima bokusetshenziswa komhlaba kumaphrojekthi

Umsebenzi wokuqala ekuthuthukiseni amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic ukuthola izinsiza zomhlaba ezifanele. Kodwa-ke, ukushoda kwamanje kwezinsiza zomhlaba ezithobelanayo sekuyinto eyinhloko evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic. Ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nasempumalanga ezinomnotho othuthukile kanye nezidingo ezinkulu zamandla, ukuncintisana kwezinsiza zomhlaba kushubile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwezinkomba ezintsha zamandla kuye kwabhebhethekisa ukungezwani kwemithombo yomhlaba ethobela imithetho. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi e-photovoltaic awele ebunzimeni esigabeni sokukhetha indawo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola umhlaba ovumelanayo owanele wokuthuthukiswa.

Ukukhuphuka kwezindleko ezingezona ezobuchwepheshe

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni ye-photovoltaic, ingxenye yezindleko ezingezona ezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi iye yanda kancane kancane. Ohulumeni basekhaya babhekene nezimali eziqinile futhi bafuna ukuhlaliswa kwezimboni kanye nokufanisa izinsiza, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic. Ukwehla okubukhali kwezintengo zemishini kuye kwaxazululwa yizindleko ezingezona ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimali ezikhokhwayo, ezicindezele kakhulu amaphethelo enzuzo yabathuthukisi be-photovoltaic.

3. Amacala ahlobene

Sichuan Maerkang high-altitude photovoltaic project

Le phrojekthi itholakala elokishini laseDazang, eDolobheni laseMaerkang, eSifundeni sase-Aba, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-3,500-4,300, enendawo yonke engu-7,607 mu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.198, kanye nomthamo ofakiwe wama-kilowatts angu-400,000. Le phrojekthi isebenzisa izingxenye zengilazi ezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye nobuchwepheshe babakaki abangaguquki, eneziteshi ezimbili zokuqinisa amandla angu-220kV kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezingamakhilomitha angu-52.7. Isakhiwo semali engenayo yale phrojekthi sihlanganisa imali etholwayo yokuphehla ugesi, imali engenayo ye-carbon sink kanye nemali eyengeziwe yezemvelo, nokungena kwemali ngonyaka kwezigidi ezingu-164.9 zamayuan. Le phrojekthi ibhekene nezinselelo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinyathelo zesinxephezelo semvelo, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwephrojekthi kuqinisekiswa.

Isitoreji se-Photovoltaic esihlanganisiwe sesiteshi samandla

Isiteshi samandla esihlanganisiwe esingu-50MW se-photovoltaic + 15MW siyisiteshi esikhulu samandla esihlanganisiwe se-photovoltaic sokuthengisa. Le phrojekthi ixazulula inkinga yokudluliselwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu e-photovoltaic ephakathi nendawo ngokusebenzisa isitoreji se-photovoltaic imodi yokukhiqiza amandla ehlanganisiwe, futhi inikeza ukuboniswa kokuxhumeka kwegridi enkulu yamandla amasha. Idatha yokusebenza kwephrojekthi ibonisa ukuthi isistimu yokugcina amandla idlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni inani lokuphehlwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic elahliwe kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla.

I-Yumen Oilfield 200MW Photovoltaic Project

Njengohlelo lokuqala lokuphehla ugesi we-photovoltaic oluphakathi nendawo lwePetroChina, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi okunqwabelanayo kwephrojekthi ye-photovoltaic ye-Yumen Oilfield 200MW sekudlule i-1 billion kWh, okuphawula inqubekelaphambili entsha ekuguquleni amandla aluhlaza ePetroChina. Le phrojekthi izuze ukusebenza okungenamuntu ngokulawula okuhlakaniphile kanye nokwenza kahle kwedatha yamasu okusebenza nokulondoloza, futhi yaqinisekisa ukuxhunywa kwegridi ngesikhathi ngokwandisa isiteshi sokufinyelela ugesi oluhlaza.

4. Inzima kangakanani iphrojekthi ye-photovoltaic emaphakathi?

Ngemva kokufunda okuqukethwe ngenhla, sibheka emuva embuzweni osekuqaleni kwesihloko, "Inzima kangakanani iphrojekthi ye-photovoltaic emaphakathi?" Kungashiwo ukuthi ubunzima abuncane. Kalula nje, ziningi kakhulu izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe. Kusukela ekusungulweni kwephrojekthi, ukukhethwa kwesiza kuya ekwakhiweni, ukuxhunywa kwegridi, kanye nokusebenza kamuva nokulungiswa, isigaba ngasinye sidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokwenza. Kodwa-ke, amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo aseyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa emkhakheni wezamandla wesikhathi esizayo ngomphumela wawo wesikali kanye nezinzuzo zokusimama. Kumabhizinisi noma abantu abanentshisekelo yokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic, ukuqonda okujulile kwayo yonke inqubo yokwakha yamaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic nokwenza amalungiselelo aphelele kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo.