Ingabe amandla ashisayo azoshintshwa ngokuphelele?

Ⅰ . Izifundo ezivela ekunqamukeni kukagesi

Wake wabhekana nokunqamuka kukagesi? Kusenjalo, yonke into iba mnyama, amakheshi ayama, omakhalekhukhwini baphelelwe amandla, kuvalwe ama-air conditioner. Lowo muzwa wokungabi namandla okwenza umuntu abone ukuthi ugesi “uwumoya” womphakathi wanamuhla.

Eqinisweni, ukunqamuka kukagesi okukhulu kwenzeke emhlabeni wonke:

Ukucima kuka-2003 eNyakatho Melika kwashiya amashumi ezigidi zabasebenzisi ebumnyameni ngobusuku obubodwa.

Ngesikhathi sase-Texas esibandayo sango-2021, izitshalo zamandla omoya negesi yemvelo zavalwa ngobuningi, futhi ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamandla njengesipele, izigidi zabantu zahlushwa amazinga okushisa aqandayo kanye nokuphela kukagesi.

Ukunqanyulwa kukagesi kwezinye izifunda zaseShayina: ukushoda kwamalahle kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamandla avuselelekayo kuye kwacindezela igridi, kwaphoqelela imingcele yamandla.

Lezi zibonelo zisikhombisa ukuthi ukuthembela emandleni ashisayo kuphela kuyingozi, futhi ukuthembela emandleni avuselelekayo nakho kuyingozi. Isistimu yamandla idinga “isu lokuhlanganisa” elizinzile.

Ⅱ . Izakhiwo zamandla emazweni ahlukene

Imithombo yamandla iyahluka kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele:

I-China: Amandla aphethwe ngamalahle ahlala engumthombo oyinhloko, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva, umthamo ofakiwe we-photovoltaic namandla omoya uye wakhuphuka, futhi imodeli "yamandla avuselelekayo + isitoreji samandla" kancane kancane iba umkhuba.

I-United States: Indlela elinganiselayo phakathi kwegesi yemvelo namandla avuselelekayo, kuyilapho ihola umhlaba wonke kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ebhethri, i-California nezinye izifunda ezakhe izimboni zamandla zokugcina amandla esikali esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

I-Europe: I-Germany ne-Spain zingamavulandlela emandleni omoya namandla elanga, kuyilapho i-France ithembele emandleni enuzi ukuze kuqiniswe igridi. I-Europe iyonke izibophezele ekushintsheni kwamandla, nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokugcina izinto kuyashesha.

I-Japan ne-South Korea: Ngokuncike kakhulu emandleni angenisiwe, lawa mazwe kufanele alinganisele ukuphepha kokunikezwayo kuyilapho enza ngenkuthalo inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe belanga, i-hydrogen, nokugcinwa.

Sekukonke, zonke izifunda ziya kumodeli “yamandla avuselelekayo + indawo yokulondoloza”, nakuba ngezigaba ezihlukene.

Ⅲ . Sinjani isimo samanje?

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha kuyachuma, kodwa futhi kubhekana nezinselele.

"I-capriciousness" ye-photovoltaic namandla omoya: amandla e-photovoltaic angenziwa kuphela emini lapho ilanga seliphumile, futhi liyeka ebusuku; amandla omoya ancike esimweni sezulu, futhi uyama phakathi “nezikhathi ezingenamoya.” Lokhu kuguquguquka kubeka ingcindezi ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwegridi yamandla.

Ukuvela kwamabhethri okugcina amandla: Amabhethri e-lithium-ion namabhethri agelezayo asebenza “njengamabhange kagesi” amakhulu, agcina ugesi oweqile ngesikhathi semali eningi futhi ewukhulula phakathi nesidingo esikhulu ukusiza ukulinganisa igridi.

Abashayeli benqubomgomo: I-China ibeke ngokucacile ukuthi amaphrojekthi amasha we-photovoltaic namandla omoya kufanele ahambisane nezindawo zokugcina amandla. I-US ne-Europe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zisebenzisa uxhaso lwezimali kanye nezindlela zemakethe ukugqugquzela izinkampani ukuthi zakhe ingqalasizinda yokugcina amandla.

Izinselele zisekhona: Amabhethri okugcina amandla ayabiza, anesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuphila, futhi ukuvuselelwa kwawo kokuphela kwesikhathi nokusetshenziswa kabusha kuhlala kuyizinkinga ezingaxazululiwe.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukugcinwa kwamandla kancane kancane kuya ngokuya kusabalele, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathe indawo yemithombo yamandla evamile.

Ⅳ . Kungani kufanele kufakwe esikhundleni sikagesi osebenzisa amalahle?

Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo: Amandla aphehlwa ngamalahle aneqhaza elikhulu ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni, ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nomphumela obamba ukushisa.

Ukuvikeleka kwamandla: Ukushintshashintsha kwezintengo zamalahle negesi yemvelo kunomthelela ngokuqondile emananini kagesi nokuphakelwa kwawo.

Ukusebenza komnotho: Amandla e-Photovoltaic nawomoya aya ngokuya ethengeka, abiza kakhulu kunamandla aphehlwa ngamalahle.

Imigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni: Ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ugesi wamalahle kufanele uqedwe futhi ekugcineni uqedwe.

Ⅴ . Ingabe ingawuthatha ngokuphelele ugesi osebenza ngamalahle?

Impendulo ithi: Ekugcineni, kodwa hhayi maduze nje.

Eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo, amandla aphehlwa ngamalahle azohlala “ewumgogodla” wegridi.

2030–2040: Njengoba indawo yokugcina amandla ishibhile futhi amandla e-hydrogen athembeke kakhulu, amandla abaswa ngamalahle azohamba kancane kancane aye “ebhentshini.”

Cishe ngo-2050: Amandla avuselelekayo ahlanganiswe nesitoreji samandla kulindeleke ukuthi ahole, namandla aqhutshwa ngamalahle acinywe kakhulu.

Ngamanye amazwi, uhlelo lwamandla lwesikhathi esizayo kungenzeka lube: amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla njengemithombo eyinhloko, amandla aqhutshwa ngamalahle athatha isihlalo esingemuva, namandla enuzi, amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi, kanye namandla e-hydrogen ahlinzeka ngosekelo olwengeziwe.

Amabhethri okugcina amandla azohlanganiswa ngokuya ngamandla elanga nawomoya, njengoba nje nama-smartphone engakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwamabhethri. Kodwa-ke, ukuze amandla avuselelekayo athathele indawo ngokuphelele amandla aphehlwa ngamalahle, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, nokuthuthukiswa kwegridi kusadingeka. Ikusasa lingase lingaboni amandla aphehlwa amalahle eshabalala ngokuzumayo, kodwa kunalokho kancane kancane ahlehla ngemuva kuze kube ngolunye usuku uqaphela ukuthi umkhakha wamandla usuvele uphethwe amandla ahlanzekile.