Ungabala kanjani ukucushwa okufanele kwesistimu yakho encane engaphandle kwegridi?

Wake wacabanga ngokusebenzisa isistimu yakho yamandla elanga ekhabetheni lezintaba, isikebhe sokudoba, noma i-RV ukuze ugqashule ekuncikeni kugridi yomphakathi?

Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona into onjiniyela kuphela abangayifeza. Uma nje ukwazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezimbalwa namafomula, ungakwazi ukubala ukucushwa okufanele kwesistimu yakho encane ye-photovoltaic engaphandle kwegridi.

Isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi ibhekisela ohlelweni oluzimele olungathembeli kugridi yomphakathi, kunalokho luthembele ngokuphelele ekuphehleni amandla e-photovoltaic kanye nokugcinwa kwebhethri ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zikagesi. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikude ezisezintabeni, eziqhingini, ezindaweni zokwelusa, ama-RV, izikebhe zokudoba, nezinye izindawo ezinamandla egridi engazinzile.

Ngezansi, sizokuqondisa ngezinyathelo ezine zokubala ukucushwa okudingekayo.

Isinyathelo 1: Thola amandla emojula ye-photovoltaic

Amandla amaphaneli e-photovoltaic (amaphaneli elanga) anquma ukuthi ungakanani ugesi ongenziwa uhlelo lwakho.

Indlela yokubala eyinhloko yile: okokuqala thola isidingo sikagesi sansuku zonke, bese usihlanganisa nezimo zezulu zendawo (ikakhulukazi ubude belanga) ukuze unqume amandla aphelele amaphaneli e-photovoltaic.

Ifomu:

Amandla emojuli = (Isidingo sikagesi sansuku zonke × Isici esinqwabelene sosuku oluguquguqukayo esiqhubekayo) ÷ (Isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga endaweni × Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo)

* Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwansuku zonke: Lokhu kungabalwa ngokufingqa amandla alinganiselwe awo wonke amadivayisi aphindwe ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa kwawo.

Isibonelo, izibani ze-LED 10W × amahora angu-5 = 50Wh, isiqandisi 60W × amahora angu-24 = 1440Wh.

* Isici esiqhubekayo sosuku oluguqubele lwemali esele: Ukuze kukhawulwe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla anganele phakathi nezinsuku zokuguqubala ezilandelanayo, le nto ngokuvamile isethwe phakathi kuka-1.1 no-1.3.

* Isilinganiso sasendaweni samahora okukhanya kwelanga nsuku zonke: Lokhu kungatholwa kudatha yendawo yesimo sezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Beijing inesilinganiso samahora angu-4 okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku, kuyilapho i-Hainan ingase ibe namahora angaphezu kwama-5.

* Ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu: Lokhu kubala ukulahleka kwekhebula, ukusebenza kahle kwesilawuli, ukulahleka kwe-inverter, njll., futhi ngokuvamile kumiswa phakathi kuka-0.75 no-0.8.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Uma sicabanga ukuthi ugesi wakho owusebenzisa nsuku zonke ngu-3,000 Wh, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga kwansuku zonke sasendaweni singamahora angu-4.5, ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu kungu-0.78, kanye nekhoefifa yezinsuku zemvula engu-1.2:

Amandla emojuli = (3,000 × 1.2) ÷ (4.5 × 0.78) ≈ 1,026 W

Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukufaka amaphaneli e-photovoltaic ngamandla aphelele acishe abe ngu-1 kW, njengamamojula amane angu-250 W.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Thola amandla okuguqula i-off-grid

I-inverter iguqula i-direct current (DC) isuka kumaphaneli e-photovoltaic noma amabhethri ibe yamanje eshintshanayo (AC) ukuze isetshenziswe izinto zikagesi ezijwayelekile zasendlini.

Amandla ayo kufanele anele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sakho esiphezulu samandla asheshayo, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa amandla akhona emithwalo ye-inductive (imishini eshayelwa yimoto).

Ifomu:

Amandla e-Inverter = (Isamba samandla okulayisha amelana + Isamba samandla omthwalo ongenayo × 5) × Isici seMargin ÷ Isici samandla

* Imithwalo Engazweli: Imishini ekwazi ukumelana nengcindezi njengamalambu okukhanya, amaketela kagesi, nohhavini.

* Imithwalo ye-inductive: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinamanjini noma ama-compressor, njengeziqandisi, amaphampu amanzi, ama-air conditioner, njll. Amandla asheshayo ngesikhathi sokuqalisa angase abe izikhathi ezingu-5-7 amandla alinganiselwe.

* Isici sokuphepha: Ivamise ukusetha kokuthi 1.2–1.5 ukuze kuqinisekiswe imajini.

* Isici samandla: Ivamise ukusetha kokuthi 0.8–0.9.

Isibonelo:

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unendawo yokukhanya engu-200W (umthwalo ovimbelayo), isiqandisi esingu-100W (umthwalo we-inductive), isici semajini esingu-1.3, kanye nesici samandla esingu-0.85:

Amandla okuguqula = (200 + 100 × 5) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ (200 + 500) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 700 × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 1070 W

Uzodinga i-inverter enamandla amancane angu-1.1 kW, futhi kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe imodeli engu-1.5 kW ukuze uzinze kakhulu.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Thola umthamo webhethri

Ibhethri "iyindawo yokugcina amandla" yesistimu ye-off-grid, futhi ugesi osetshenziswa ebusuku noma ezinsukwini eziguqubele ngokuyinhloko uvela kuyo. Umthamo uncike enanini lezinsuku ozidingayo ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenzisa ugesi nsuku zonke.

Ifomu:

Umthamo webhethri (Ah) = (Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi nsuku zonke × Inani lezinsuku zokuphakelwa kukagesi ngezinsuku eziguqubele) ÷ (Ukujula kokukhipha × Ukushaja/ukuwukhipha kahle × Ivolumu yephakethe yebhethri)

* Ukujula Kokukhipha (i-DOD): Kumabhethri e-lead-acid, i-DOD engu-0.5–0.6 iyanconywa; kumabhethri e-lithium, i-DOD engu-0.8–0.9 iyamukeleka.

* Ukusebenza Kwenkokhelo/Ukukhipha: Ngokuvamile kusethwe ku-0.85–0.9.

* Amandla kagesi Ebhange Lebhethri: Ama-voltage avamile ahlanganisa i-12V, 24V, kanye ne-48V; ama-voltage aphezulu anconywa ngezidingo zamandla aphezulu.

Isibonelo:

Uma sicabanga ukuthi usebenzisa u-3000Wh nsuku zonke futhi ufuna ukuba namandla izinsuku ezingu-2 zesimo sezulu esiguqubele, usebenzisa ibhethri ye-lithium engu-48V (DOD=0.9, ukusebenza kahle=0.9):

Umthamo webhethri = (3000 × 2) ÷ (0.9 × 0.9 × 48)

≈ 6000 ÷ 38.88

≈ 154 Ah

Ungadinga i-48V 154Ah (cishe i-7.4kWh) yebhethri yephakethe.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Thola imininingwane yesilawuli

Isilawuli se-photovoltaic silawula inqubo yokushaja kusuka kumamojula we-photovoltaic kuya ebhethri.

Ukucaciswa kwayo kuncike kakhulu emalini okufakwayo aphezulu, okubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:

Ifomu:

Okokufaka kwesilawuli samanje = Amandla amakhulu amamojula e-photovoltaic ÷ I-voltage yephakethe yebhethri

Isibonelo, uma amaphaneli akho e-photovoltaic enamandla angu-1000W futhi umthamo webhethri wephakethe ungu-48V:

Okokufaka kwesilawuli samanje = 1000 ÷ 48 ≈ 20.8A

Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha isilawuli esinokokufaka okukhulu kuno-21A, ngokuvamile okuwuhlobo lwe-MPPT (ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, okunenzuzo kakhulu ezinsukwini eziguqubele).

Amacebiso Awusizo

1. Vumela imajini: Ubude besikhathi sokuphila nokuzinza kokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa sincike ekwakhiweni okufanelekile kokungasasebenzi; ungalungisi amapharamitha ngokuqinile kakhulu.
2. I-MPPT iphakeme kune-PWM: Nakuba izilawuli ze-MPPT zibiza kancane, zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuphehla amandla, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezingazinzile.
3. Beka kuqala amabhethri e-lithium-ion: Ahlangene, angasindi, futhi ayakwazi ukukhipha okujulile, anikeza ukonga kwezindleko zesikhathi eside.
4. Hlela ukunwetshwa okuzayo: Uma ulindele ukungeza ezinye izinto zikagesi esikhathini esizayo, qinisekisa umthamo owanele wokusebenzelana kwakho kokubili isistimu ye-photovoltaic namabhethri.

Umnyombo wokuklama isistimu ye-photovoltaic encane ye-off-grid isekubaleni ngokunembile ukucushwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zangempela, kunokuba nje "uthenge amaphaneli ambalwa namabhethri" futhi ukubize usuku.

Kahle kahle lawa mafomula ama-4:

1. Ifomula yamandla emojula ye-Photovoltaic
2. Ifomula yamandla e-Inverter
3. Ifomula yomthamo webhethri
4. Ifomula yamanje yokufaka isilawuli

Ungakwazi ke ukubala ukucushwa kwesistimu encane engaphandle kwegridi eyanele futhi ezinzile.

Lapho uklama okokuqala, ungakwazi ukwengeza imajini eyengeziwe engu-10%–20% ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yefomula, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekuphatheni izinguquko zesimo sezulu nokunwetshwa kwemishini.